Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Tswj Xyuas Myopia Rau Cov Hluas Thiab Kev Kho Mob Qhov Muag: Los Ntawm Kev Kuaj Mob Mus Rau Kev Kho Mob Qhov Muag

Kev Taw Qhia

Nrog kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej niaj hnub no thiab qhov muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis pom kev zoo—tshwj xeeb yog myopia—ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas tau qhia txog kev nce qib mus rau cov hnub nyoog hluas. Kev pom kev tsis zoo tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev kawm thiab lub neej zoo xwb tab sis myopia siab kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li retinal detachment thiab glaucoma. Ntsib nrog ntau yam khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov iav ua haujlwm, cov niam txiv yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj kev npaj kho qhov muag rau lawv cov menyuam uas yog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshaj lij? Phau ntawv qhia no muab kev nkag siab tob txog qhov ntev ntawm kev kuaj mob, cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag, kev xaiv cov khoom siv, thiab kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm tsis meej.

Ntu I: Kev Kuaj Mob Ua Ntej - Kev Txiav Txim Siab Txog Kev Poob Qhov Muag Uas Tsis Yog Kev Pom Kev Tsis Zoo

Ua ntej txiav txim siab yuav ib khub tsom iav, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog ntsuas qhov ntau npaum li cas, tab sis ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas kom zoo.kev kuaj mob qhov muag.

1.1 Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Kuaj Mob Txawv

Muaj ntau tus niam txiv xav tias lawv tus menyuam "pom kev ze" sai li sai tau thaum qhov muag poob qis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam mob qhov muag, xws li cataracts txij thaum yug los, keratoconus, amblyopia (qhov muag tub nkeeg), strabismus (qhov muag tsis sib luag), lossis fundus (tom qab ntawm lub qhov muag) pathologies. Kev hnav tsom iav ncaj qha yam tsis tau kuaj mob los ntawm kws tshaj lij yuav zais cov mob no, ua rau tsis tau txais kev kho mob tseem ceeb.

1.2 Qhov Yuav Tsum Tau Ua Cycloplegic Refraction (Kev Kuaj Qhov Muag Dilated)

Lub zog ntawm tus menyuam lub qhov muag kom pom tseeb muaj zog heev. Yog tias cov leeg nqaij ciliary nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntswj, nws tuaj yeem ua rau "pseudomyopia" lossis ua rau qhov kev kho mob myopic tiag tiag zoo li siab dua li nws yog.

• Atropine thiab Tropicamide:Cov tshuaj no ua rau cov leeg nqaij ciliary tsis ua haujlwm, ua rau lub qhov muag so kom txaus. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntsuas qhov yuam kev refractive tiag tiag (baseline refractive).

• Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Kho Mob:Rau cov neeg uas hnav thawj zaug, cov menyuam yaus me, lossis cov neeg uas muaj mob esotropia, cycloplegic refraction tseem yog "tus qauv kub" rau kev kho mob optometry

Ntu II: Cov Qauv Kev Ua Haujlwm rau Cov Txheej Txheem Optometry

Kev kuaj qhov muag kho mob txawv ntawm kev kuaj qhov muag ua lag luam. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog nrhiav daim ntawv yuav tshuaj xwb; nws yog ib qho txheej txheem ntsuas biometric nyuaj heev.

• 2.1 Kev Txheeb Xyuas Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj thiab Cov Khoom Siv

Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw kho qhov muag, cov niam txiv yuav tsum xub xaiv cov tsev kho mob uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai kho mob lossis cov chaw kho qhov muag uas muaj npe nrov.

• Kev Ua Raws Cai:Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub chaw muaj daim ntawv tso cai tsim khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj ntsuas cov khoom siv, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj cov kev tsim nyog ua kws kho qhov muag lossis kws kho qhov muag.

• Kev Kho Kom Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom Siv:Cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb xws li auto-refractors thiab phoropters yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov chaw haujlwm ntsuas kev cai lij choj thiab nqa cov cim ua raws cai.

2.2 Dynamic Refraction thiab Kev Sim Hnav

Kev kuaj qhov muag yuav tsum tsis txhob ua sai sai. Cov kws kho qhov muag yuav soj ntsuam tus neeg mob kom meej, xav txog tus cwj pwm pom kev, kev teeb tsa qhov muag (phoria), thiab kev pab kho qhov muag (BCC/PRA/NRA).

• Lub Sij Hawm Sim:Pom zoo kom sim hnav tsawg kawg yog 20 feeb. Saib seb tus menyuam puas muaj kev kiv taub hau, hauv pem teb tig, lossis duab tsis meej thaum ua ub ua no (taug kev, hloov qhov ze thiab deb, lossis nce ntaiv).

• Txoj Cai Rov Ntsuam Xyuas Dua:Vim tias lub zeem muag yooj yim ua rau qaug zog thiab ntxhov siab, kev kuaj zaum ob ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm ib hnub yog qhov pom zoo rau cov teeb meem nyuaj kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj noj ruaj khov.

Ntu III: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Khoom Siv Hauv Cov Lens Thiab Cov Ncej

Txawm hais tias lub lens yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho qhov muag, lub thav duab ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub kaw lus kho qhov muag.

3.1 Kev Ua Tau Zoo Sib Piv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Lens

• Cov Lens Resin (Yas):Tam sim no yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam siab (kev nyab xeeb) thiab lub teeb yuag (txo qhov siab rau ntawm tus choj qhov ntswg).

  • Lus Cim:Cov iav resin tsis yooj yim khawb dua li iav thiab tsis muaj kev ruaj khov thermal. Qhov kub tshaj 60°C (piv txwv li, hauv lub tsheb thaum hnub kub) tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem tawg lossis cov khoom siv puas.

• Cov iav PC (Polycarbonate):Hu ua "qhov muag iav qhov chaw," cov no muaj kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam hnyav heev, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas nquag ua si lossis ua kis las.

• Iav thiab Crystal Lens:Txawm hais tias lawv muaj qhov nyuaj siab, cov no feem ntau tsis siv rau cov tub ntxhais hluas vim lawv qhov tsis muaj zog thiab hnyav dhau.

3.2 Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab thiab Biocompatible ntawm Cov Ncej

• Kev Ruaj Ntseg:Cov thav duab yuav tsum tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub lens tseem sib phim nrog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag.

• Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Siv:Xaiv cov khoom siv silicone, TR90, lossis titanium ntshiab. Cov khoom siv no txo ​​qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua xua rau daim tawv nqaij thiab tiv thaiv kev raug mob los ntawm cov khoom ntse yog tias muaj kev sib tsoo.

Tshooj IV: Cov Lens Uas Ua Haujlwm Tau Zoo - Lub Ciam Teb ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Myopia

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov tsom iav ib sab uas siv tau feem ntau ua tsis tau raws li cov niam txiv xav kom "ua kom qeeb qeeb kev loj hlob ntawm kev sau tshuaj." Cov tsom iav ua haujlwm sivDefocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) or kev siv tshuab micro-lens(xws li Myovox defocus lenses) tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb.

4.1 Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Tsis Pom Kev Hauv Kev Mob Myopia

Cov iav tsom iav ib leeg ib txwm muab kev pom tseeb hauv nruab nrab tab sis ua rau "peripheral hyperopic defocus." Lub xeev no xa ib lub cim mus rau lub hlwb uas ua rau lub qhov muag loj hlob ntev dua (compensatory axial elongation), yog li ua rau myopia hnyav dua.

• Kev Siv Tshuab Peripheral Defocus:Los ntawm kev tsim cov cheeb tsam refractive tshwj xeeb hauv qhov periphery ntawm lub lens, daim duab peripheral raug tso tawm rau pem hauv ntej ntawm retina (myopic defocus), zoo inhibits axial loj hlob.

4.2 Cov Zoo ntawm Cov Lens Defocus

1. Tsis Ua Rau Mob:Tsis zoo li Orthokeratology (OK lenses), cov no tsis kov lub cornea, ua rau txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob.

2. Kev Xis Nyob Ntawm Qhov Muag:Siv cov qauv tsim tsis sib xws, lawv muaj lub sijhawm luv luv hloov kho thiab ua kom zoo txo ​​qhov nkees ntawm qhov muag thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev (nyeem ntawv / sau ntawv).

3. Kev lim lub teeb uas ua rau mob:Ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis thaiv teeb xiav, lawv tiv thaiv retina ntawm lub teeb xiav luv luv uas muaj zog heev thaum tswj kev sib kis teeb pom kev zoo.

Tshooj V: Kev Saib Xyuas Tom Qab Kho Kom Zoo thiab Cov Cai ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom

5.1 Kev Saib Xyuas thiab Kev Hloov Kho

Lub lim tiam thawj zaug tom qab muab ntsia yog lub sijhawm hloov kho. Yog tias qhov muag nkees, pom ob sab, lossis xeev siab tseem muaj tom qab ib lub lim tiam, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lawv qhov muag txhua 3-6 lub hlis kom sau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov muag (los ntawm IOL Master) thiab qhov yuam kev ntawm lub zeem muag.

5.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Cai Lij Choj

Cov niam txiv yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no kom zoo:

• Kev Kho Mob Qhov Muag:Kev sau cov duab ntawm lub pob, lub tog raj kheej, lub axis, thiab qhov deb ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv (PD).

• Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj thiab Daim Ntawv Them Nqi:Xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom muaj kev taug qab thiab muaj peev xwm siv cov cai lav rau cov teeb meem xws li txheej txheej tev tawm lossis lub thav duab tawg.

Xaus Lus: Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Koom Tes Ua Ke

Kev muab tsom iav rau ib tug menyuam tsis yog ib yam yooj yim uas cov neeg siv khoom yuav; nws yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab kho mob uas ua tib zoo. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau txais yuav lub tswv yim ntawm "Kev Tiv Thaiv, Kev Kuaj Mob, Kev Muab, thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas." Tshaj li kev xaiv cov tsom iav uas tsis pom kev zoo, kev tswj kom muaj kev tshav ntuj sab nraum zoov txaus (pom zoo 2 teev hauv ib hnub), ua raws li txoj cai "20-20-20" (saib deb 20 feet rau 20 vib nas this txhua 20 feeb), thiab kev ua kom lub cev zoo yog cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg tom ntej.

Kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov, kev kuaj mob los ntawm kws tshaj lij, kev kho kom haum raws li qhov xav tau, thiab kev saib xyuas tas li: cia peb ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim kom muaj lub neej yav tom ntej meej rau peb cov menyuam.